DETROIT, Michigan — Ford Motor Company swung to a steep loss in the fourth quarter of 2025, reporting roughly an $11 billion deficit as electric-vehicle investments, higher tariff expenses and supply-chain disruptions weighed heavily on earnings, even as vehicle sales pushed annual revenue to a company record.
The results represent Ford’s steepest quarterly loss since the Great Recession, but unlike 2008 and 2009, when U.S. auto sales plunged, revenue today remains near record levels, showing that the current losses stem largely from electric-vehicle investments, tariffs and restructuring costs rather than a collapse in consumer demand, Ford said. In comparison, Ford reported full-year net losses of about $14.7 billion in 2008 and $14.6 billion in 2009 during the financial crisis, among the largest annual deficits in its history as the company shuttered plants and overhauled operations to weather the downturn.
For the full year, Ford said revenue climbed to roughly $187 billion, the highest in company history, but still finished 2025 with a net loss of about $8 billion as special charges and writedowns offset gains from its core truck and commercial vehicle businesses.
Electric-vehicle spending drives charges
Much of the quarterly loss came from Ford’s Model e electric-vehicle division, where the company has poured billions into battery plants, software platforms and next-generation products. Executives recorded restructuring expenses and asset writedowns tied to EV programs as adoption across the industry has proven slower and pricing competition has intensified.
Company leaders said they are working to lower EV costs and prioritize smaller, more affordable models to improve margins.
Tariffs and supplier disruptions add pressure
Ford also cited higher-than-expected tariff costs on imported parts and materials, along with production interruptions following a fire at a key aluminum supplier. Those issues reduced output late in the year and added unexpected expenses during the quarter.
Strong trucks and commercial sales support revenue
Despite the losses, demand remained steady for Ford’s traditional strengths, including F-Series pickups and its commercial fleet business. Those segments helped lift overall revenue even as profitability weakened.
Outlook points to improvement in 2026
Executives projected stronger adjusted earnings and improved free cash flow in 2026 as cost-cutting measures take hold and losses in the EV business narrow. The company said tighter spending and operational efficiencies should help restore profitability while continuing long-term investments in electrification and software.
